ABSTRACT This study was developed to carry out selection, estimate genetic parameters and predict individual genetic values of 55 genotypes from S2 families as well as estimate genetic dissimilarity based on physiological seed attributes. All S2 genotypes evaluated were obtained from self-pollination of S1 genotypes from the guava breeding program. The experiment was laid out in blocks with 55 S2 genotypes and four blocks. Genetic parameters were estimated and the best genotypes were selected based on the genetic value, using the statistical method of mixed models. In addition, genetic divergence was estimated based on the mean Euclidean distance. Although heritability values were considered medium to high magnitude for germination (0.22) and germination speed index (0.35), genetic gains were obtained for all traits. Based on the evaluation of individual BLUPs, the S2 genotypes that contributed to most of the evaluated traits were: 5, 31, 85, 214, 369, 393, 398, 442, 443, 444, 449 and 529, suggesting potential to generate vigorous. Through genetic dissimilarity, it was possible to verify the formation of five distinct groups. Therefore, the selection of divergent genotypes with high average for germination is recommended for the advancement of generation in the guava breeding plant.

ABSTRACT Adjuvants mayimprove control efficiency of volunteer RR® corn with ACCase inhibiting herbicides. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adjuvant addition to the herbicides clethodim and quizalofop, on surface tension, spray deposition and efficiency of volunteer RR® corn control. The surface tension of clethodim (96 g a.i. ha-1) and quizalofop (60 g a.i. ha-1) herbicides with and without a mineral oil, a vegetable oil and an organosilicon adjuvant was evaluated at concentrations of 0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0% v v-1. To evaluate deposition and visual control efficiency, the same herbicides associated or not with the mineral oil (0.5% v v-1), the vegetable oil (0.5% v v-1) and the organosilicon adjuvant (0, 05% v v-1) were used. For this, volunteer RR® corn plants were grown in a greenhouse until stage V2-V3. The adjuvants reduced the surface tension of the herbicides clethodim and quizalofop, organosilicon was the most efficient. Adjuvants does not alter spray deposition of herbicides on corn plants. Mineral oil increases potential control of clethodim herbicide and anticipates control with quizalofop herbicide.

Abstract A yogurt-like fermented dairy beverage was elaborated from a mixture containing 70% (v/v) caprine milk and 30% (v/v) water-soluble soy extract (WSSE), supplemented with inulin (4 g∙100 mL-1). Physicochemical, sensorial, and microbiological analyses were carried out to characterize the product and evaluate its stability during 28 days of refrigerated storage (5 °C). To compare the results, a yogurt made from whole caprine milk, without inulin supplementation, was elaborated as a control. The use of WSSE and inulin showed favorable to the physicochemical and physical properties of the product, increasing the water holding capacity, improving the rheological properties, and preventing over-acidification during refrigerated storage. Regarding the sensorial evaluation, the control treatment was better evaluated for aroma, flavor, and overall acceptability. No differences were observed between the treatments concerning the microbiological parameters.

ABSTRACT The cement mass is the part of the cementitious composite that has low resistance to friction and its mechanical and microstructural properties are decisive for the durability of the material. Microscopy techniques are commonly used to elucidate these mechanical, physical and chemical behaviors of cementitious compounds. The objective of this work was to elucidate the importance of microscopy techniques for the direct evaluation of the abrasive behavior of cement pastes with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles. The methodology of the work consists of the manufacture of Exceptions of reference cementitious masses and with 10% SiC addition, analysis of the compressive and abrasive mechanical properties, in addition to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tests. The results that the intensification of the mechanical properties with the addition of SiC microparticles can be related to the external micrographs in the SEM, through the accentuated filling of the pores, and through the attenuated surface roughness identified in the AFM. It was concluded that the roughness and porosity results, acquired by the SEM and AFM techniques, can provide relevant information for the analysis of the durability of cementitious materials.

RESUMO A pasta de cimento é a parte do compósito cimentício que possui baixa resistência ao atrito e suas propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais são determinantes para a durabilidade do material. As técnicas de microscopia são comumente utilizadas para elucidar esses comportamentos mecânicos, físicos e químicos de compósitos cimentícios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a importância de técnicas de microscopia para avaliação direta do comportamento abrasivo de pastas de cimento com micropartículas de carbeto de silício (SiC). A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na fabricação das amostras de pastas cimentícias de referência e com 10% de adição de SiC, análise das propriedades mecânicas compressivas e abrasivas, além de ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA). Os resultados mostraram que a intensificação das propriedades mecânicas com adição de micropartículas de SiC podem ser relacionados com as micrografias obtidas no MEV, através do acentuado preenchimento dos poros, e por meio da atenuada rugosidade superficial identificada no MFA. Concluiu-se que os resultados de rugosidade e porosidade, adquiridos pelas técnicas de MEV e MFA, podem fornecer informações relevantes para análise da durabilidade de materiais cimentícios.

Abstract Civil construction is an industry sector that has been used as an outlet for the reuse of industrial waste. The present work aims to use the residue of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) from the footwear industry as a partial substitute for a granulometric range of aggregates, aiming at the production of structural concrete and application to industrial floors. The proposed mixing ratios were evaluated from uniaxial compression, three-point bending, and drying shrinkage tests. The results of the uniaxial compression tests showed that the concrete with EVA addition still has enough strength to be considered structural concrete. In addition, the EVA and polypropylene fiber particles act as stress transfer bridges in the cracked zone, resulting in an increase in residual stresses and, consequently, in the toughness of the concrete in the three-point bending test. Finally, Technical Report 34 was used as a procedure to design an industrial floor based on the compressive strength, Young's modulus, and flexural behavior of the tested composites. The final result showed that even with lower compressive strength, fiber-reinforced concrete with EVA achieves greater structural efficiency for an industrial floor with the same cross-sectional height as ordinary fiber-reinforced concrete.

Resumo A construção civil é um setor da indústria que tem sido utilizado como uma saída para o reaproveitamento de muitos resíduos. O presente trabalho visa utilizar o resíduo de Etileno Vinil Acetato (EVA) da indústria calçadista como substituto parcial de uma faixa granulométrica de agregados, visando produção de concreto estrutural e aplicação a concretagem de pisos industriais. As proporções de mistura propostas foram avaliadas a partir de ensaios de compressão uniaxial, flexão em três pontos e retração por secagem. Os resultados dos testes de compressão uniaxial mostraram que o concreto com substituição ainda apresenta resistência suficiente para ser considerado concreto estrutural. Além disso, as partículas de EVA e da fibra de polipropileno funcionam como pontes de transferência de tensões na zona fissurada, resultando em um aumento das tensões residuais e, consequentemente, da tenacidade do concreto no teste de flexão em três pontos. Por fim, o Technical Report 34 foi utilizado como procedimento para dimensionar um piso industrial a partir da resistência a compressão, módulo de Young e comportamento a flexão dos compósitos ensaiados. O resultado final mostrou que mesmo com menor resistência à compressão, o concreto reforçado com fibras e substituição parcial de EVA consegue maior eficiência estrutural para um piso industrial de mesma altura de seção transversal que o concreto reforçado com fibras comum.

This article presents an understanding of how the socio-environmental vulnerabilities of the populations displaced by the San Francisco River Diversion Project have turned them into water refugees. Three Rural Villages (VPR’s) are analyzed. The VPR Salão, located in Sertania/PE, and the VPR Lafayete, in Monteiro/PB, are in the East Canal. The third VPR is Irapuá I in the North Canal and is in the municipality of Piranhas/PB. These areas were affected by this project and had as one of the results the lack of access to potable water for human consume and production. This paper used the methodologies of bibliographical revision, group interviews with local people, and visits to the three VPRs. The authors conclude that the social vulnerabilization of those populations have various sources such as the deterritorialization that made them to loose social, cultural and environmental ties that are common in the rural areas and also the lack of access to drinking water and water for agricultural production, which is a responsibility of the government to provide.

Cet article cherche à comprendre comment les processus de vulnérabilité socio-environnementale ont eu des répercussions sur les conflits avec les populations affectées par le déplacement forcé dans les travaux de transposition du fleuve São Francisco, les faisant devenir des réfugiés de l’eau. Trois Villages Productifs Ruraux (VPR) sont analysés, deux dans l’Axe Est – un à Sertânia/PE (VPR Salão) et un autre à Monteiro/PB (VPR Lafayete) – et le troisième dans l’Axe Nord, à São José de Piranhas/ PB (VPR Irapuá I). Ces localités ont été impactées par le projet, l’un des enjeux centraux étant la difficulté d’accès à l’eau pour la consommation humaine et la production par les familles qui y sont transférées. Pour cet article, les méthodologies de revue bibliographique, d’entretiens de groupe, de réunions et de visites de terrain auprès des VPR susmentionnés sont utilisées. Il a été conclu que la vulnérabilité sociale découle des multiples formes de déterritorialisation de ces familles, rompant les liens sociaux, culturels et environnementaux dans les communautés rurales, sans que l’État ne garantisse ses responsabilités avec le déplacement forcé des familles, le démantèlement des zones productives et le manque d’accès à l’eau avec la qualité et la quantité nécessaires à la consommation humaine et à la production agricole.

Este artigo busca compreender como os processos de vulnerabilização socioambiental repercutiram nos conflitos com as populações atingidas pelo deslocamento compulsório nas obras da transposição do Rio São Francisco, fazendo com que essas se tornassem refugiadas da água. São analisadas três Vilas Produtivas Rurais (VPR’s), sendo duas do Eixo Leste – uma em Sertânia/PE (VPR Salão) e outra em Monteiro/PB (VPR Lafayete) – e a terceira no Eixo Norte, em São José de Piranhas/PB (VPR Irapuá I). Essas localidades foram afetadas pelo empreendimento, tendo como uma das questões centrais a dificuldade do acesso à água para consumo humano e produção por parte das famílias para lá transferidas. Utilizam-se, para este artigo, as metodologias de revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas em grupo, reuniões e visitas de campo às referidas VPR’s. Concluiu-se que a vulnerabilização social decorre das múltiplas formas de desterritorialização dessas famílias, rompendo vínculos sociais, culturais e ambientais das comunidades rurais, sem garantia do Estado frente às suas responsabilidades com o deslocamento forçado das famílias, o desmantelamento das áreas produtivas e o não acesso à água com a qualidade e a quantidade necessárias para o consumo humano e para a produção agrícola.

ABSTRACT Permanent canines are essential for the preservation of the stomatognathic system, as they are part of the occlusal and aesthetic function and balance. During the normal development of occlusion, canines follow a long and complex trajectory until their eruption, that is, they are more likely to suffer disturbances during this process. Removal of the permanent canine should only be considered in extreme cases, where the canine itself is not susceptible to orthodontic traction. Orthodontic traction is the most indicated treatment due to the high morphofunctional and aesthetic value of the permanent canine. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of traction surgery of the superior permanent canine included in the maxilla. A 13-year-old female patient attended the dental clinic at the Nilton Lins University accompanied by her guardian, referred by an orthodontistfor canine traction surgery. during the examIn the clinical analysis, tooth 13 was absent from the dental arch. The patient had a computed tomography scan, where it was possible to verify the actual position of the toothimpacted with the partially erupted crown on the alveolar ridge. After planning, surgery was performed to install an orthodontic button and adapt the ligature with a 0.30 mm wire. After the 10-month follow-up period, the presence of the tooth in arch, completely erupted, was observed, showing effectiveness in the proposed treatment. Therefore, the procedure for bonding the orthodontic device was performed satisfactorily without complications or intercurrences, making it possible to continue the orthodontic treatment. The patient remains under follow-up.

RESUMO Os caninos permanentes são essenciais para a preservação do sistema estomatognático, visto que, fazem parte da função e equilíbrio oclusal e estético. Durante o desenvolvimento normal da oclusão, os caninos seguem uma longa e complexa trajetória até seu irrompimento, ou seja, estão mais propensos a sofrerem distúrbios no decorrer desse processo. A extração do canino permanente só deve ser considerada em casos extremos, onde o próprio não se encontra suscetível à tração ortodôntica. O tracionamento ortodôntico é o tratamento mais indicado devido ao alto valor morfofuncional e estético do canino permanente. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso clínico de cirurgia de tracionamento de canino permanente superior incluso em maxila. Paciente de 13 anos, gênero feminino, compareceu a clínica odontológica da Universidade Nilton Lins acompanhado de seu responsável, encaminhada por um ortodontista para cirurgia de tracionamento de canino. Durante o exame clínico observou-se ausência do dente 13 na arcada dentária. A paciente apresentou a tomografia computadorizada, onde foi possível verificar o real posicionamento do dente impactado com a coroa parcialmente irrompida no rebordo alveolar. Após o planejamento, realizou-se a cirurgia destinada a instalação de botão ortodôntico e adaptação da amarrilha com fio 0,30 mm. Posteriormente ao período de acompanhamento de 10 meses, observou-se a presença do dente em arco, totalmente erupcionado, mostrando efetividade no tratamento proposto. Portando, o procedimento de colagem de dispositivo ortodôntico ocorreu de forma satisfatória sem complicações ou intercorrências, tornando possível a continuidade do tratamento ortodôntico. A paciente permanece em acompanhamento.

Although analytical techniques to assess the degradation of transformer insulation systems are well established, it is essential to develop fast and effective methodologies for monitoring the quality of power transformer insulating fluid. The objective of this work was to develop a fast, simple, and environmentally friendly method to evaluate and monitor the quality of insulating vegetable oil (IVO) from transformers, using multivariate control chart and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For the development of the method, IVO samples were subjected to electrical and thermal stress, as well as to contact with insulating paper and copper, to simulate the internal environment of a transformer before and after energizing. Control chart based on principal component analysis was developed to monitor insulating vegetable oil quality. It was possible to identify oil samples with oxidation levels that were outside the acceptable quality standards for insulating fluid in transformers. The results demonstrated the potential of FTIR spectroscopy and control charts as fast and simple tools for monitoring the quality of insulating fluids, enabling the identification of oil samples that fail to comply with regulation standards for insulating fluids, assisting in the implementation of maintenance programs for power transformers.

Resumo As deformidades dos membros inferiores são uma condição comum e podem levar a alterações da marcha e afetar a função e longevidade das articulações do quadril, do joelho e da coluna. Uma abordagem diagnóstica sistemática é essencial para definir o tratamento e alcançar o resultado terapêutico desejado com a menor taxa de complicações. A radiografia panorâmica é frequentemente utilizada para caracterizar as deformidades dos membros inferiores por meio de medidas de comprimento e desvios angulares dos eixos, além de se tratar de um método de baixo custo e alta disponibilidade. No entanto, como é frequente a combinação de deformidades em dois ou três planos ortogonais dos membros, a avaliação radiográfica perde acurácia por se tratar de um método de imagem bidimensional. Nesse sentido, deformidades em valgo/varo avaliadas radiograficamente no plano coronal apresentarão variações crescentes nas medidas dependendo do grau de flexão/recurvatum, torções ósseas anômalas ou, não menos importante, um posicionamento inadequado. A estereorradiografia biplanar de baixa dose, por meio de modelos tridimensionais, permite obter medidas mais acuradas de vários parâmetros usados na avaliação das deformidades dos membros inferiores, incluindo comprimentos, eixos e as torções tibial e femoral, antes disponíveis apenas pela tomografia computadorizada, com a vantagem de ser realizada em posição funcional com carga. Além disso, por permitir uma avaliação global da cabeça aos pés, abre uma nova perspectiva de compreender a inter-relação das deformidades dos membros com o posicionamento da bacia e com as deformidades da coluna.

Abstract Deformities of the lower limbs are a common condition and can lead to changes in gait, as well as affecting the function and longevity of the hips, knees, and spine. A systematic approach is essential to achieve the desired therapeutic result with the lowest rate of complications. Panoramic radiography is a widely available, low-cost method that is commonly used in order to assess the length and angular deformities of the lower limbs, by measuring the length and angular deviations of the axes. However, because the combination of lower limb deformities in two or three orthogonal planes is common, conventional radiography lacks accuracy because it is a two-dimensional imaging method. Therefore, the measurements of valgus/varus deformities on X-rays restricted to the coronal plane will present increasing variations in measurements depending on the degree of flexion/recurvatum alignment, anomalous bone torsions, or, last but not least, inappropriate patient positioning. Low-dose biplanar stereoradiography using three-dimensional models increases the accuracy of the measurement of several parameters used in the evaluation of lower limb alignment, including lengths, axes, and tibial/femoral torsions, parameters that could previously be evaluated only by computed tomography. Stereoradiography also makes it possible to perform a head-to-toe evaluation, as well as to evaluate the interactions among the lower limbs, pelvis, and spine.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar a ressonância magnética (RM) usando uma bobina corporal e tomografia computadorizada (TC) na medição da distância tubérculo tibial-sulco troclear (TT-ST) e as distâncias tendão patelar-sulco troclear cartilaginoso (TP-STC), e avaliar a confiabilidade interavaliador. Métodos O grupo de estudo consistiu em 34 joelhos de 17 indivíduos assintomáticos sem história de patologia, trauma ou cirurgia no joelho. Uma tomografia computadorizada (TC) de baixa dose e uma sequência axial de RM ponderada em T1 dos joelhos foram realizadas com padronização rigorosa do posicionamento com extensão total dos joelhos e pés paralelos. Dois radiologistas musculoesqueléticos realizaram as medidas de forma independente. A confiabilidade das distâncias TT-ST e TP-STC na TC (17,1 ± 4,2 mm e 17,3 ± 4,2 mm) e RM (16,2 ± 3,7 mm e 16,5 ± 4,1 mm), foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI [2,1)]) e gráficos Bland-Altman, bem como a confiabilidade entre avaliadores para ambos os métodos. Resultados Boa confiabilidade e concordância foram observadas entre as medidas de TC e RM para TT-ST e TP-STC com um CCI de 0,774 (p< 0,001) e 0,743 (p< 0,001), respectivamente, e nenhum viés sistemático foi observado. A confiabilidade entre avaliadores foi excelente para todas as medições em ambos os métodos de imagem. Conclusão Este foi o primeiro estudo que comparou a RM usando bobina de corpo com a TC na medição da distância TT-ST, com a implicação clínica potencial de que a TC neste cenário clínico poderia ser evitada.

Abstract Objective To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a body coil with computed tomography (CT) in measuring the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) and the patellar tendon-cartilaginous trochlear groove (PT-CTG) distances, and evaluate interrater reliability. Methods The study group consisted of 34 knees from 17 asymptomatic subjects with no history of knee pathology, trauma or surgery. A low-dose CT scan and an axial T1-weighted MRI sequence of the knees were performed with rigorous standardization of the positioning with full extension of the knees and parallel feet. Two musculoskeletal radiologists performed the measurements independently. The reliability of the TT-TG and PT-CTG distances on CT (17.1 ± 4.2 mm and 17.3 ± 4.2 mm) and of MRI (16.2 ± 3.7 mm and 16.5 ± 4.1 mm) was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]) and Bland-Altman graphs, as well as the interrater reliability for both methods. Results Good reliability and agreement was observed between CT and MRI measurements for TT-TG and PT-CTG, with an ICC of 0.774 (p< 0.001) and 0.743 (p< 0.001), respectively, and no systematic bias was observed. The interrater reliability was excellent for all measurements on both imaging methods. Conclusion This was the first study that compared MRI using a body coil with CT in measuring the TT-TG distance, with the potential clinical implication that the CT in this clinical setting could be avoided.

Abstract A new sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) showed anti-erosive properties when included in solutions and strong binding force to enamel, but the performance of this protein when added to gel formulations and its effect on surface free energy (SFE) requires further studies. Objective 1) to evaluate the protective effect of gels containing different concentrations of CaneCPI-5 against initial enamel erosion (Experiment 1); and 2) to analyze the SFE (γS) after treating the enamel surface with CaneCPI-5 solution (Experiment 2). Methodology In Experiment 1, 75 bovine enamel specimens were divided into five groups according to the gel treatments: placebo (negative control); 0.27%mucin+0.5%casein (positive control); 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; or 2.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. Specimens were treated with the gels for 1 min, the AP was formed (human saliva) for 2 h and the specimens were incubated in 0.65% citric acid (pH=3.4) for 1 min. The percentage of surface hardness change (%SHC) was estimated. In Experiment 2, measurements were performed by an automatic goniometer using three probing liquids: diiodomethane, water and ethylene glycol. Specimens (n=10/group) remained untreated (control) or were treated with solution containing 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5, air-dried for 45 min, and 0.5 µL of each liquid was dispensed on the surface to measure contact angles. Results Gels containing 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 significantly reduced %SHC compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Treated enamel showed significantly lower γS than control, without changes in the apolar component (γSLW), but the polar component (γSAB=Lewis acid-base) became more negative (p<0.01). Moreover, CaneCPI-5 treatment showed higher γS - (electron-donor) values compared to control (p<0.01). Conclusions Gels containing 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 protected enamel against initial dental erosion. CaneCPI-5 increased the number of electron donor sites on the enamel surface, which may affect AP formation and could be a potential mechanism of action to protect from erosion.

No Brasil a provisão de medicamentos é marcada pelo predomínio dos gastos e da oferta privada em farmácias e pela regulação historicamente liberal sobre a comercialização. Nos anos 2000 e 2010 houve expansão e concentração do varejo farmacêutico e crescente financeirização no setor saúde. O artigo analisa as expressões da financeirização em empresas do varejo farmacêutico brasileiro considerando três dimensões transversais: patrimonial, contábil-financeira e política. Foram analisados dados quantitativos e qualitativos de variadas fontes sobre as dimensões patrimonial e contábil das 10 maiores redes de farmácias brasileiras e à dimensão política da ação de quatro entidades representativas do subsetor. As informações coletadas foram reunidas no banco de dados da pesquisa fonte (Banco de Dados sobre Empresariamento na Saúde - BDES). Na dimensão patrimonial, identificou-se verticalização, diversificação, capitalização por operações financeiras e patrimoniais, intensificação de fusões e aquisições, abertura de farmácias, entrada de investidores, mudanças na gestão e organização interna. Na contábil-financeira, constatou-se aumento de porte (receitas, ativos, patrimônio) e bom desempenho (retorno sobre capital próprio, giro do ativo e capitais de terceiros) das redes em comparação à empresas brasileiras e da saúde. Na política houve embates e colaborações entre entidades e o poder público (Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário) a depender da pauta, com desfechos geralmente favoráveis ao subsetor e protagonismo da Associação Brasileira de Farmácias e Drogarias (Abrafarma). A financeirização do padrão de acumulação de empresas do varejo farmacêutico e o fortalecimento de sua atuação política se mostraram relevantes para compreensão das mudanças na provisão de medicamentos e no setor farmacêutico.

The provision of medicines in Brazil is marked by the predominance of private expenditures and supply in pharmacies and by the historically liberal regulation of retail drug sales. The first two decades of the 21st century witnessed the expansion and concentration of the retail pharmaceutical sector and growing financialization of the health sector. The article analyzes the characteristics of financialization of Brazilian retail pharmaceutical companies, considering the following three crosscutting dimensions: ownership structure, financial/accounting, and political. Quantitative and qualitative data from various sources were analyzed including ownsership and account informations of the ten biggest Brazilian retail pharmacies chains and political action of four business associations. The information collected was stored in the source project database. The ownership structure dimension revealed verticalization, diversification, capitalization via financial and shareholding operations, intensification of mergers and acquisitions, opening of pharmacy branches, entry of investors, and changes in internal management and organization. The financial/accounting dimension revealed an increase in size (revenues, assets, net worth) and good performance (return on equity capital, capital turnover, and third-party capital) of the networks compared to Brazilian companies and health companies. The policy arena revealed both clashes and collaborations between representative associations and government (Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary), depending on the issue, with outcomes that were generally favorable to the pharmaceutical sector and leadership by the Brazilian Association of Pharmacy and Drugstore Networks (Abrafarma). The financialization of the retail pharmaceutical companies’ accumulation pattern and the strengthening of their political action proved relevant for understanding the changes in the provision of medicines and in the pharmaceutical market.

En Brasil la provisión de medicamentos está marcada por el predominio de los gastos y oferta privada en farmacias, así como por la regulación históricamente liberal sobre su comercialización. En los años 2000 y 2010 hubo una expansión y concentración de la red minorista farmacéutica y una creciente financiarización en el sector salud. El artículo analiza las expresiones de la financiarización en empresas de la red minorista farmacéutica brasileña, considerando tres dimensiones transversales: patrimonial, contable-financiera y política. Se analizaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de variadas fuentes, reunidos en el banco de datos del estudio fuente, relacionados con las dimensiones patrimonial y contable de las diez mayores redes de farmacias brasileñas, y con la dimensión de la actuación política de cuatro entidades representativas del subsector. En la dimensión patrimonial, se identificaron: verticalización, diversificación, capitalización por operaciones financieras y patrimoniales, intensificación de fusiones y adquisiciones, apertura de farmacias, entrada de inversores, cambios en la gestión y organización interna. En la contable-financiera, se constató un aumento de tamaño (ingresos, activos, patrimonio) y buen desempeño (rendimiento sobre capital propio, rotación del activo y capitales de terceros) de las redes, en comparación con empresas brasileñas y de salud. En política hubo enfrentamientos y colaboraciones entre entidades y poder público (Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial) dependiendo de la agenda de cada uno, con desenlaces generalmente favorables al subsector y protagonismo de la Asociación Brasileña de Farmacias y Droguerías (Abrafarma). La financiarización del patrón de acumulación de empresas en la red minorista farmacéutica y el fortalecimiento de su actuación política fueron relevantes para la comprensión de los cambios en la provisión de medicamentos y en el sector farmacéutico.

The provision of medicines in Brazil is marked by the predominance of private expenditures and supply in pharmacies and by the historically liberal regulation of retail drug sales. The first two decades of the 21st century witnessed the expansion and concentration of the retail pharmaceutical sector and growing financialization of the health sector. The article analyzes the characteristics of financialization of Brazilian retail pharmaceutical companies, considering the following three crosscutting dimensions: ownership structure, financial/accounting, and political. Quantitative and qualitative data from various sources were analyzed including ownsership and account informations of the ten biggest Brazilian retail pharmacies chains and political action of four business associations. The information collected was stored in the source project database. The ownership structure dimension revealed verticalization, diversification, capitalization via financial and shareholding operations, intensification of mergers and acquisitions, opening of pharmacy branches, entry of investors, and changes in internal management and organization. The financial/accounting dimension revealed an increase in size (revenues, assets, net worth) and good performance (return on equity capital, capital turnover, and third-party capital) of the networks compared to Brazilian companies and health companies. The policy arena revealed both clashes and collaborations between representative associations and government (Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary), depending on the issue, with outcomes that were generally favorable to the pharmaceutical sector and leadership by the Brazilian Association of Pharmacy and Drugstore Networks (Abrafarma). The financialization of the retail pharmaceutical companies’ accumulation pattern and the strengthening of their political action proved relevant for understanding the changes in the provision of medicines and in the pharmaceutical market.

No Brasil a provisão de medicamentos é marcada pelo predomínio dos gastos e da oferta privada em farmácias e pela regulação historicamente liberal sobre a comercialização. Nos anos 2000 e 2010 houve expansão e concentração do varejo farmacêutico e crescente financeirização no setor saúde. O artigo analisa as expressões da financeirização em empresas do varejo farmacêutico brasileiro considerando três dimensões transversais: patrimonial, contábil-financeira e política. Foram analisados dados quantitativos e qualitativos de variadas fontes sobre as dimensões patrimonial e contábil das 10 maiores redes de farmácias brasileiras e à dimensão política da ação de quatro entidades representativas do subsetor. As informações coletadas foram reunidas no banco de dados da pesquisa fonte (Banco de Dados sobre Empresariamento na Saúde - BDES). Na dimensão patrimonial, identificou-se verticalização, diversificação, capitalização por operações financeiras e patrimoniais, intensificação de fusões e aquisições, abertura de farmácias, entrada de investidores, mudanças na gestão e organização interna. Na contábil-financeira, constatou-se aumento de porte (receitas, ativos, patrimônio) e bom desempenho (retorno sobre capital próprio, giro do ativo e capitais de terceiros) das redes em comparação à empresas brasileiras e da saúde. Na política houve embates e colaborações entre entidades e o poder público (Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário) a depender da pauta, com desfechos geralmente favoráveis ao subsetor e protagonismo da Associação Brasileira de Farmácias e Drogarias (Abrafarma). A financeirização do padrão de acumulação de empresas do varejo farmacêutico e o fortalecimento de sua atuação política se mostraram relevantes para compreensão das mudanças na provisão de medicamentos e no setor farmacêutico.

En Brasil la provisión de medicamentos está marcada por el predominio de los gastos y oferta privada en farmacias, así como por la regulación históricamente liberal sobre su comercialización. En los años 2000 y 2010 hubo una expansión y concentración de la red minorista farmacéutica y una creciente financiarización en el sector salud. El artículo analiza las expresiones de la financiarización en empresas de la red minorista farmacéutica brasileña, considerando tres dimensiones transversales: patrimonial, contable-financiera y política. Se analizaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de variadas fuentes, reunidos en el banco de datos del estudio fuente, relacionados con las dimensiones patrimonial y contable de las diez mayores redes de farmacias brasileñas, y con la dimensión de la actuación política de cuatro entidades representativas del subsector. En la dimensión patrimonial, se identificaron: verticalización, diversificación, capitalización por operaciones financieras y patrimoniales, intensificación de fusiones y adquisiciones, apertura de farmacias, entrada de inversores, cambios en la gestión y organización interna. En la contable-financiera, se constató un aumento de tamaño (ingresos, activos, patrimonio) y buen desempeño (rendimiento sobre capital propio, rotación del activo y capitales de terceros) de las redes, en comparación con empresas brasileñas y de salud. En política hubo enfrentamientos y colaboraciones entre entidades y poder público (Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial) dependiendo de la agenda de cada uno, con desenlaces generalmente favorables al subsector y protagonismo de la Asociación Brasileña de Farmacias y Droguerías (Abrafarma). La financiarización del patrón de acumulación de empresas en la red minorista farmacéutica y el fortalecimiento de su actuación política fueron relevantes para la comprensión de los cambios en la provisión de medicamentos y en el sector farmacéutico.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of microencapsulated natural extracts of aromatic herbs in comparison with synthetic antioxidants on fatty acids profile of different meat products (restructured product of Tilapia mechanically separated fish meat (RP) and Fresh pork sausage (FS) stored under freezing and cold storage. Synthetic antioxidant sodium erythorbate was used in the RP and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was used in the FS. Natural oregano extract (Origanum vulgare) was used in the RP, while the rosemary extract (Rosmarinus officinalis) was used in the FS. The fatty acid profiles of each formulation were obtained by gas chromatography (GC-MS). The oleic acid was the most abundant compound in both evaluated products, also, during the observed storage period there was an increase in SFA and MUFA composition (p < 0.05) in all the treatments. However, the treatments with addition of synthetic antioxidant and microcapsules loaded with different content of aromatic herb extracts showed similar behavior. Moreover, the addition of microencapsulated aromatic herb extracts increased the content of PUFA, improving the nutritional quality indexes in both RP and FS. Our results infer that the addition of oregano and rosemary extracts have antioxidant potential equivalent to synthetic antioxidants.

ABSTRACT Besides the strength enhancement and strain improvement (strain-hardening behavior), the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in cement-based matrices can also be highlighted as an economical and eco-friendly alternative for the future of the construction industry. In the present work, cement-based composites reinforced by natural sisal fibers were produced and tested under direct tensile loading. The Portland cement was partially replaced by pozzolans (metakaolin – MK and fly ash – FA), aiming to produce a calcium hydroxide-free matrix to ensure the durability of the fibers. The natural sisal fibers were used in a 5% volume fraction (in mass), divided into three layers. The mechanical properties of composite plates were compared to other literature results and demonstrated to be compatible with recent research. The crack pattern was analyzed by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for a better understanding of their failure mechanisms. The material presented a tensile strength increase after the first crack formation, marked by multiple cracking partners from this point. Finally, a comparison between direct (LVDTs) and indirect (DIC) methods of strain measurement was done and demonstrated minor results for the DIC, approximately 84% of those obtained from the LVDTs.